Guilds were most common and powerful during the Middle Ages and Early Renaissance. Under the guild system the artisan worked on order directly for the consumer, his market was local, prices were fixed by custom and his trade was protected by regulations. Guilds tried to limit membership, so that all members were assured of work. The artisans or craftspeople regulated apprenticeships to establishing quality standards. They were ranked according to experience, from lowest to highest: apprentice, journeyman, and master. Once a master, one could direct the work of apprentices and manage ones own workshop. Guilds played an important political and social role in the cities, ensuring their members of recognized status and, often, a voice in city government. Their statutes were, in turn, upheld by municipal law and often backed by the royal government as well.
Reference Objects Collection Peter Vogt Munich
Baroque 18thcentury earthenware works of art objects with guild signs of e.g. the brewers guild, bakers guild, butchers guild, millers guild, coopers guild and other guilds from various manufactures in Germany and Austria.
Literature:
Caracausi / Davies / Mocarelli, 2018 Between Regulation and Freedom Work and Manufactures in the European Cities, 14th-18th Centuries Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5275-0638-1
Abstract: This volume contains selected essays which together attempt to re-frame the roles of guilds in medieval and early modern European cities. They focus on the different ways in which we can understand the interfaces between regulatory frameworks, represented by guild and civic regulations, and the wider world of labour and production. Through case studies of single cities, economic sectors, and of territories, they address a range of questions about the operation of labour markets, the nature of guild regulation within and outside guild jurisdictions, and the interaction between ‘regulation’ and ‘freedom’ as expressed in legislation and in the organization of production and distribution. In doing so, they offer a means to compare and contrast experiences across Europe and the circumstances which determined and altered economic structures and, in turn, political and social structures in cities.